import sys
for i in range(int(sys.stdin.readline())):
#import sys
def get_ints():return map(int,sys.stdin.readline().strip().split())
def single_ints():return int(sys.stdin.readline())
def p(a):return sys.stdout.write(a)
n,k=get_ints()
temp=1<<k
if n&temp==0:
print(n+temp)
else:
print(n-temp)
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